Camille Naredo

A rescuer carries equipment as a team searches through the rubble of a destroyed building looking for survivors in Mandalay on March 29, 2025, a day after an earthquake struck central Myanmar. Sai Aung Main, AFP

A rescuer carries equipment as a team searches through the rubble of a destroyed building looking for survivors in Mandalay on March 29, 2025, a day after an earthquake struck central Myanmar. Rescuers dug through the rubble of collapsed buildings on March 29 in a desperate search for survivors after a huge earthquake hit Myanmar and Thailand, killing more than 1000 people. (Photo by Sai Aung MAIN / AFP)

Article (news)

EARTHQUAKE

Agence France-Presse

<div><span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dib" style="width:960px"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img src="https://od2-image-api.abs-cbn.com/prod/editorImage/1743235656872AFP__20250329__38CZ88R__v2__Preview__TopshotMyanmarThailandQuake.jpg" style="width:960px" class="fr-fic fr-dib" alt="A rescuer carries equipment as a team searches through the rubble of a destroyed building looking for survivors in Mandalay on March 29, 2025, a day after an earthquake struck central Myanmar. Sai Aung Main, AFP"/><span class="fr-inner" style="text-align:left">A rescuer carries equipment as a team searches through the rubble of a destroyed building looking for survivors in Mandalay on March 29, 2025, a day after an earthquake struck central Myanmar. <em>Sai Aung Main, AFP</em></span></span></span></div><p>BANGKOK, Thailand -- Experts say that the devastating earthquake in Myanmar on Friday was likely the strongest to hit the country in decades, with disaster modelling suggesting thousands could be dead.</p><p>Automatic assessments from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) said the shallow 7.7-magnitude quake northwest of the central Myanmar city of Sagaing triggered a red alert for shaking-related fatalities and economic losses.</p><p>&quot;High casualties and extensive damage are probable and the disaster is likely widespread,&quot; it said, locating the epicenter near the central Myanmar city of Mandalay, home to more than a million people.</p><p>Myanmar&#x27;s ruling junta said on Saturday morning that the number killed had passed 1,000, with more than 2,000 injured.</p><p>However, the USGS analysis said there was a 35 percent chance that possible fatalities could be in the range of 10,000-100,000 people.</p><p>The USGS offered a similar likelihood that the financial damage could total tens of thousands of millions of dollars, warning that it might exceed the GDP of Myanmar.</p><p>Weak infrastructure will complicate relief efforts in the isolated, military-ruled state, where rescue services and the healthcare system have already been ravaged by four years of civil war sparked by a military coup in 2021.</p><div><a class="fr-green fr-strong" href="https://www.abs-cbn.com/news/world/2025/3/29/myanmar-thailand-quake-toll-passes-700-as-rescuers-dig-for-survivors-1320">READ: Myanmar quake toll passes 1,000 as rescuers dig for survivors</a></div><div><strong>- Dangerous fault -</strong></div><div><span class="fr-video fr-deletable fr-fvc fr-dvb fr-draggable" contenteditable="false" draggable="true"><iframe width="640" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/L8OF7CRLfic?&amp;wmode=opaque&amp;rel=0" frameBorder="0" allowfullscreen="" class="fr-draggable"></iframe></span><br/></div><p>Bill McGuire, emeritus professor of geophysical and climate hazards at University College London (UCL), said it was &quot;probably the biggest earthquake on the Myanmar mainland in three-quarters of a century&quot;.</p><p>A 6.7-magnitude aftershock struck minutes after the first and McGuire warned that &quot;more can be expected&quot;.</p><p>Rebecca Bell, a tectonics expert at Imperial College London (ICL), suggested it was a side-to-side &quot;strike-slip&quot; of the Sagaing Fault.</p><p>This is where the Indian tectonic plate, to the west, meets the Sunda plate that forms much of Southeast Asia -- a fault similar in scale and movement to the San Andreas Fault in California.</p><p>&quot;The Sagaing fault is very long, 1,200 kilometres (745 miles), and very straight,&quot; Bell said. &quot;The straight nature means earthquakes can rupture over large areas -- and the larger the area of the fault that slips, the larger the earthquake.&quot;</p><p>Earthquakes in such cases can be &quot;particularly destructive&quot;, Bell added, explaining that since the quake takes place at a shallow depth, its seismic energy has dissipated little by the time it reaches populated areas above.</p><p>That causes &quot;a lot of shaking at the surface&quot;, Bell said.</p><div><a class="fr-green fr-strong" href="https://www.abs-cbn.com/news/world/2025/3/29/myanmar-quake-what-we-know-1103">Myanmar quake: What we know</a></div><div><strong>- Building boom -</strong></div><p>Myanmar has been hit by powerful quakes in the past.</p><p>There have been more than 14 earthquakes with a magnitude of 6 or above in the past century, including a magnitude 6.8 earthquake near Mandalay in 1956, said Brian Baptie, a seismologist with the British Geological Survey.</p><p>Ian Watkinson, from the department of earth sciences at Royal Holloway University of London, said what had changed in recent decades was the &quot;boom in high-rise buildings constructed from reinforced concrete&quot;.</p><p>Myanmar has been riven by years of conflict and there is a low level of building design enforcement.</p><p>&quot;Critically, during all previous magnitude 7 or larger earthquakes along the Sagaing Fault, Myanmar was relatively undeveloped, with mostly low-rise timber-framed buildings and brick-built religious monuments,&quot; Watkinson said.</p><p>&quot;Today&#x27;s earthquake is the first test of modern Myanmar&#x27;s infrastructure against a large, shallow-focus earthquake close to its major cities.&quot;</p><p>Baptie said that at least 2.8 million people in Myanmar were in hard-hit areas where most lived in buildings &quot;constructed from timber and unreinforced brick masonry&quot; that are vulnerable to earthquake shaking.</p><p>&quot;The usual mantra is that &#x27;earthquakes don&#x27;t kill people; collapsing infrastructure does&#x27;,&quot; said Ilan Kelman, an expert in disaster reduction at UCL.</p><p>&quot;Governments are responsible for planning regulations and building codes. This disaster exposes what governments of Burma/Myanmar failed to do long before the earthquake, which would have saved lives during the shaking.&quot;</p><div><a class="fr-green fr-strong" href="https://www.abs-cbn.com/news/nation/2025/3/28/no-filipinos-reported-hurt-in-myanmar-thailand-earthquake-says-ph-embassy-1828">READ: No Filipinos reported hurt in Myanmar-Thailand earthquake, says PH embassy</a></div><div><strong>- Skyscraper checks -</strong></div><div><span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dib" style="width:960px"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img src="https://od2-image-api.abs-cbn.com/prod/editorImage/1743235794153032925_myanmar thailand quake.jpeg" style="width:960px" class="fr-fic fr-dib" alt="People inspect the debris of a collapsed building in Mandalay on March 28, 2025, after an earthquake. AFP photo"/><span class="fr-inner" style="text-align:left">People inspect the debris of a collapsed building in Mandalay on March 28, 2025, after an earthquake. <em>AFP photo</em></span></span></span></div><p>Strong tremors also rocked neighboring Thailand, where a 30-storey skyscraper under construction was reduced to a pile of dusty concrete, trapping workers in the debris.</p><p>Christian Malaga-Chuquitaype, from ICL&#x27;s civil and environmental engineering department, said the nature of the ground in Bangkok contributed to the impact on the city, despite being some 1,000 kilometres (620 miles) from the epicentre in Myanmar.</p><p>&quot;Even though Bangkok is far from active faults, its soft soil amplifies the shaking,&quot; he said. &quot;This affects especially tall buildings during distant earthquakes.&quot;</p><p>Malaga-Chuquitaype said the construction techniques in Bangkok favouring &quot;flat slabs&quot; -- where floors are held only by columns without using strengthening beams, like a table supported only by legs -- were a &quot;problematic design&quot;.</p><p>He said that initial video analysis of the collapsed tower block in Bangkok suggested this type of construction technique had been used.</p><p>&quot;It performs poorly during earthquakes, often failing in a brittle and sudden (almost explosive) manner,&quot; he said.</p><p>Roberto Gentile, a catastrophe risk modelling expert from UCL, said the &quot;dramatic collapse&quot; of the Bangkok tower block meant that &quot;other tall buildings in the city may require a thorough assessment&quot;.</p><p>Bangkok city authorities said they will deploy more than 100 engineers to inspect buildings for safety after receiving more than 2,000 reports of damage.</p><div><strong>© Agence France-Presse</strong></div>

<p>Experts say that the devastating earthquake in Myanmar on Friday was likely the strongest to hit the country in decades, with disaster modelling suggesting thousands could be dead.</p>

Experts say that the devastating earthquake in Myanmar on Friday was likely the strongest to hit the country in decades, with disaster modelling suggesting thousands could be dead.

Scientists explain why Myanmar quake was so deadly

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Scientists explain why Myanmar quake was so deadly

Agence France-Presse

Published Mar 29, 2025 04:49 PM PHT

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