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PHOTO ESSAY: Indonesian tin miners target the ocean as reserves dwindle on land

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Photos by Willy Kurniawan, Reuters; Text by Fransiska Nangoy, Reuters

<p>TOBOALI, Indonesia— From the shores of Indonesia&#x27;s Bangka island, miners like Hendra head out by boat every day to scores of crudely built wooden pontoons dotted off the coast that are equipped to dredge the seabed for lucrative deposits of tin ore.</p><p>Indonesia is the world&#x27;s biggest exporter of tin used in everything from food packaging to electronics and now green technologies.</p><p>But deposits in the mining hub of Bangka-Belitung have been heavily exploited on land, leaving parts of the islands off the southeast coast of Sumatra island resembling a lunar landscape with vast craters and highly acidic, turquoise lakes.</p><div class="embed-wrap"><figure data-feedback="fb:likes,fb:comments"><img src="http://sa.kapamilya.com/absnews/abscbnnews/media/2021/reuters/06/08/1-article-mining-sea-rtr.jpg"/><figcaption>An aerial view shows a lake known as Kulong Biru (blue lake) in Koba, on the island of Bangka, Indonesia, May 2, 2021. Deposits in the mining hub of Bangka-Belitung have been heavily exploited on land, leaving parts of the islands off the southeast coast of Sumatra island resembling a lunar landscape with vast craters and highly acidic, turquoise lakes. <em>Picture taken with a drone. Willy Kurniawan, Reuters</em></figcaption></figure></div><p>Miners are instead turning to the sea.</p><p>&quot;On land, our income is diminishing. There are no more reserves,&quot; said Hendra, 51, who shifted to work in offshore tin mining about a year ago after a decade in the industry.</p><p>&quot;In the ocean, there are far more reserves.&quot;</p><p>Often grouped together around undersea tin seams, the ramshackle encampments of pontoons emit plumes of black smoke from diesel generators that rumble so loudly workers use hand gestures to communicate.</p><div class="embed-wrap"><figure data-feedback="fb:likes,fb:comments"><img src="http://sa.kapamilya.com/absnews/abscbnnews/media/2021/reuters/06/08/2-article-mining-sea-rtr.jpg"/><figcaption>Hendra, 51, a tin miner, stands on top of his pontoon while monitoring the mining operation off the coast of Toboali, on the southern shores of the island of Bangka, Indonesia, May 1, 2021. Hendra operates six pontoons, each manned by three to four workers. He is among scores of artisanal miners who partner with PT Timah to exploit the state miner&#x27;s concessions. The miners are paid about 70,000 to 80,000 rupiah ($4.90 to $5.60) per kg of tin sand they pump up, and a pontoon typically produces about 50 kg a day, Hendra said. <em>Willy Kurniawan, Reuters</em></figcaption></figure></div><p>Hendra, who like many Indonesians uses one name, operates six pontoons, each manned by three to four workers, with pipes that can be over 20 meters long to suck up sand from the seabed.</p><p>The pumped mixture of water and sand is run across a bed of plastic mats that trap the glittery black sand containing tin ore.</p><p>Hendra is among scores of artisanal miners who partner with PT Timah to exploit the state miner&#x27;s concessions.</p><p>The miners are paid about 70,000 to 80,000 rupiah ($4.90 to $5.60) per kg of tin sand they pump up, and a pontoon typically produces about 50 kg a day, Hendra said.</p><div><strong>THE ALLURE OF TIN UNDER THE SEA</strong></div><div class="embed-wrap"><figure data-feedback="fb:likes,fb:comments"><img src="http://sa.kapamilya.com/absnews/abscbnnews/media/2021/reuters/06/08/3-article-mining-sea-rtr.jpg"/><figcaption>An aerial view shows wooden pontoons equipped to dredge the seabed for deposits of tin ore off the coast of Toboali, on the southern shores of the island of Bangka, Indonesia, May 1, 2021. Picture taken with a drone. <em>Willy Kurniawan, Reuters</em></figcaption></figure></div><p>Timah has been ramping up production from the sea. Company data shows its proven tin reserve on land was 16,399 tonnes last year, compared with 265,913 tonnes offshore.</p><p>The huge expansion, coupled with reports of illegal miners targeting offshore deposits, has heightened tension with fishermen, who say their catches have collapsed due to steady encroachment on their fishing grounds since 2014.</p><p>Fisherman Apriadi Anwar said in the past his family earned enough to pay for his two younger siblings to go to university, but in recent years, they have barely scraped by.</p><p>&quot;Never mind going to university, these days it&#x27;s difficult to even buy food,&quot; said Apriadi, 45, who lives in Batu Perahu village.</p><p>Apriadi says fishing nets can get tangled up in offshore mining equipment, while trawling the seabed to find seams of ore has polluted once-pristine waters.</p><div class="embed-wrap"><figure data-feedback="fb:likes,fb:comments"><img src="http://sa.kapamilya.com/absnews/abscbnnews/media/2021/reuters/06/08/4-article-mining-sea-rtr.jpg"/><figcaption>Apriadi Anwar, 45, a local fisherman, his son Avanza, 12, and his friend, collect their catch as they return from fishing, in Batu Perahu village, in Toboali, on the southern shores of the island of Bangka, Indonesia, May 2, 2021. Apriadi said in the past his family earned enough to pay for his two younger siblings to go to university, but in recent years, they have barely scraped by. <em>Willy Kurniawan, Reuters</em></figcaption></figure></div><p>&quot;Fish are becoming scarce because the coral where they spawn is now covered with mud from the mining,&quot; he added.</p><p>Indonesian environmental group Walhi has been campaigning to stop mining at sea, especially on Bangka&#x27;s western coast, where the mangroves are relatively well-preserved.</p><p>&quot;The mangrove is an ecological fortress for the coastal area,&quot; said Jessix Amundian, executive director with Walhi Bangka Belitung.</p><p>In a statement, Timah said it communicates with fishing communities to improve their catch, adding it had built artificial reefs to help restock the sea in line with regulations.</p><div class="embed-wrap"><figure data-feedback="fb:likes,fb:comments"><img src="http://sa.kapamilya.com/absnews/abscbnnews/media/2021/reuters/06/08/5-article-mining-sea-rtr.jpg"/><figcaption>Fish inside a jerrycan in Batu Perahu village, in Toboali, on the southern shores of the island of Bangka, Indonesia, May 2, 2021. <em>Willy Kurniawan, Reuters</em></figcaption></figure></div><p>Authorities have cracked down on the tin industry from time to time, particularly illegal mining, and remaining land reserves are often hard to access or require heavy machinery to exploit.</p><p>Still, rising tin prices are an incentive to overcome these obstacles.</p><p>Amri, an unlicensed miner in Bangka, said he had restarted his land operations after a 14-month hiatus when tin prices rose due to tighter global supplies.</p><div class="media-content"><div class="slider-for"><div><img src="http://sa.kapamilya.com/absnews/abscbnnews/media/2021/reuters/06/08/1-mining-seas-bangka-slideshow-rtr.jpg"/></div><div><img src="http://sa.kapamilya.com/absnews/abscbnnews/media/2021/reuters/06/08/2-mining-seas-bangka-slideshow-rtr.jpg"/></div><div><img src="http://sa.kapamilya.com/absnews/abscbnnews/media/2021/reuters/06/08/3-mining-seas-bangka-slideshow-rtr.jpg"/></div><div><img src="http://sa.kapamilya.com/absnews/abscbnnews/media/2021/reuters/06/08/4-mining-seas-bangka-slideshow-rtr.jpg"/></div><div><img src="http://sa.kapamilya.com/absnews/abscbnnews/media/2021/reuters/06/08/5-mining-seas-bangka-slideshow-rtr.jpg"/></div><div><img src="http://sa.kapamilya.com/absnews/abscbnnews/media/2021/reuters/06/08/6-mining-seas-bangka-slideshow-rtr.jpg"/></div><div><img src="http://sa.kapamilya.com/absnews/abscbnnews/media/2021/reuters/06/08/7-mining-seas-bangka-slideshow-rtr.jpg"/></div><div><img src="http://sa.kapamilya.com/absnews/abscbnnews/media/2021/reuters/06/08/8-mining-seas-bangka-slideshow-rtr.jpg"/></div><div><img src="http://sa.kapamilya.com/absnews/abscbnnews/media/2021/reuters/06/08/9-mining-seas-bangka-slideshow-rtr.jpg"/></div><div><img src="http://sa.kapamilya.com/absnews/abscbnnews/media/2021/reuters/06/08/10-mining-seas-bangka-slideshow-rtr.jpg"/></div><div><img src="http://sa.kapamilya.com/absnews/abscbnnews/media/2021/reuters/06/08/11-mining-seas-bangka-slideshow-rtr.jpg"/></div></div><div class="slider-desc"><div class="item-desc"><p>An aerial view shows wooden pontoons along the shore of Toboali, on the southern shores of the island of Bangka, Indonesia, April 29, 2021. <cite>Picture taken with a drone. Willy Kurniawan, Reuters</cite></p></div><div class="item-desc"><p>Smoke from diesel generators rises from pontoons off the coast of Toboali, on the southern shores of the island of Bangka, Indonesia, May 1, 2021.<cite>Willy Kurniawan, Reuters</cite></p></div><div class="item-desc"><p>Unlicensed miners work in a tin mining area in Toboali, on the southern shores of the island of Bangka, Indonesia, April 29, 2021. Miners who continue working on land have to deploy expensive heavy machinery to dig deeper for tin ore as reserves dwindle. Amri, an unlicensed miner, said he had restarted his land operations after a 14-month hiatus when tin prices rose due to tighter global supplies.<cite>Willy Kurniawan, Reuters</cite></p></div><div class="item-desc"><p>An unlicensed miner takes a break while working in a tin mining area in Toboali, on the southern shores of the island of Bangka, Indonesia, April 29, 2021. Miners who continue working on land have to deploy expensive heavy machinery to dig deeper for tin ore as reserves dwindle. Amri, an unlicensed miner, said he had restarted his land operations after a 14-month hiatus when tin prices rose due to tighter global supplies.<cite>Willy Kurniawan, Reuters</cite></p></div><div class="item-desc"><p>Artisanal tin miners install a suction pipe on a pontoon off the coast of Toboali, on the southern shores of the island of Bangka, Indonesia, May 1, 2021.<cite>Willy Kurniawan, Reuters</cite></p></div><div class="item-desc"><p>Dimas Putra Hermawan, 17, and another artisanal tin miner prepare a rope while installing a suction pipe and hose on a pontoon, off the coast of Toboali, on the southern shores of the island of Bangka, Indonesia, April 29, 2021.<cite>Willy Kurniawan, Reuters</cite></p></div><div class="item-desc"><p>Amirudin, 43, a field supervisor of the state tin mining company PT Timah, rests on a makeshift hammock, on a tin pontoon off the coast of Toboali, on the southern shores of the island of Bangka, Indonesia, May 1, 2021. Timah has been ramping up production from the sea. Company data shows its proven tin reserve on land was 16,399 tonnes last year, compared with 265,913 tonnes offshore.<cite>Willy Kurniawan, Reuters</cite></p></div><div class="item-desc"><p>Artisanal tin miners carry a sack of tin sand to be checked, weighed and collected at a shore in Toboali, on the southern shores of the island of Bangka, Indonesia, April 29, 2021.<cite>Willy Kurniawan, Reuters</cite></p></div><div class="item-desc"><p>Hendra, 51, a tin miner, shows the sand of tin ore on a pontoon off the coast of Toboali, on the southern shores of the island of Bangka, Indonesia, April 29, 2021. &quot;On land, our income is diminishing. There are no more reserves,&quot; said Hendra, who shifted to work in offshore tin mining about a year ago after a decade in the industry. &quot;In the ocean, there are far more reserves.&quot;<cite>Willy Kurniawan, Reuters</cite></p></div><div class="item-desc"><p>An artisanal tin miner uses a plastic tub to check the sand for tin ore while working on a pontoon off the coast of Toboali, on the southern shores of the island of Bangka, Indonesia, May 1, 2021.<cite>Willy Kurniawan, Reuters</cite></p></div><div class="item-desc"><p>An aerial view shows wooden pontoons equipped to dredge the seabed for deposits of tin ore off the coast of Toboali, on the southern shores of the island of Bangka, Indonesia, May 1, 2021.<cite>Willy Kurniawan, Reuters</cite></p></div></div></div>

<p>Indonesia is the world's biggest exporter of tin used in everything from food packaging to electronics and now green technologies.</p><p>But deposits in the mining hub of Bangka-Belitung have been heavily exploited on land, leaving parts of the islands off the southeast coast of Sumatra island resembling a lunar landscape with vast craters and highly acidic, turquoise lakes.</p>

Indonesia is the world's biggest exporter of tin used in everything from food packaging to electronics and now green technologies. But deposits in the mining hub of Bangka-Belitung have been heavily exploited on land, leaving parts of the islands off the southeast coast of Sumatra island resembling a lunar landscape with vast craters and highly acidic, turquoise lakes.

PHOTO ESSAY: Indonesian tin miners target the ocean as reserves dwindle on land

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PHOTO ESSAY: Indonesian tin miners target the ocean as reserves dwindle on land

Photos by Willy Kurniawan,

Reuters; Text by Fransiska Nangoy,

Reuters

Published Jun 08, 2021 01:15 PM PHT

|

Updated Jun 08, 2021 01:46 PM PHT

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tin mining

Bangka Island

Indonesia

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fishermen

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